Shaykh Abd al-Aziz ibn Baz explains that there is a narration about the Companions reciting Surah al-Kahf on Fridays, but the hadith attributed to the Prophet ﷺ is weak. The companions’ practice indicates they heard something, but the evidence is not strong.
Is there a ḥadīth that mentions the virtues of reciting Sūrah al-Kahf [on Fridays]?
There is a narration [attributed to the companions but not to the Prophet ﷺ] which mentions that some of the Companions use to read it on Friday. However the ḥadīth which is attributed to the Prophet ﷺ is weak. It has been reported on the authority of some Companions and this in reality takes the ruling of Raf’ [attributed to the Prophet ﷺ] because the Companions memorised it, which indicates he heard something from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.