Shaykh Rabīʿ ibn Hādī ʿUmayr al-Madkhalī (d. 1447 AH/2025 CE) ؒ said:
As for the claim that some of the Companions rebelled, we state that not a single Companion, ﵃, rebelled.
With regard to ʿAbd Allah ibn az-Zubayr, the people initially pledged allegiance to him. When they later pledged allegiance to Yazīd, Ibn az-Zubayr withdrew to Makkah and did not intend fighting or tribulation. At that time, the governor of Makkah was his brother, and Ibn az-Zubayr refused either to remove him or to draw him out of his position.
Subsequently, Yazīd passed away, and the people pledged allegiance to Ibn az-Zubayr, with the exception of a faction in ash-Shām. Marwān ibn al-Ḥakam, together with a group from Banū Umayyah, set out from ash-Shām intending to pledge allegiance to Ibn az-Zubayr, ؓ. However, along the way they encountered Ibn Ziyād, who asked them:
تبايعون ابن الزبير وعندكم شيخ قريش؟
“Are you going to pledge allegiance to Ibn az-Zubayr while among you is the shaykh of Quraysh?” [Rabīʿ al-Madkhalī, ʿAwn al-Bārī bi-Bayān mā Taḍammanahu Sharḥ as-Sunnah li-l-Imām al-Barbahārī, vol. 1, pp. 254–255.]
As a result of this, they pledged allegiance to Marwān. Thereafter, some people returned and openly declared rebellion against ʿAbd Allah ibn az-Zubayr. Thus, Ibn az-Zubayr did not rebel against anyone. Rather, it was incumbent upon Marwān to pledge allegiance to him, but instead he initiated the fighting, which was later concluded by ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Marwān. The point remains that not one of the Companions rebelled.
As for al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī, ﵄, he was not a Khārijī. Indeed, he regretted what transpired, ؓ. Those who pledged allegiance to him and wrote to him from among the Shīʿah later confronted him with their swords. He said to them:
اتركوني أرجع أو أذهب إلى الجهاد أو إلى يزيد
“Leave me so that I may return, or go to jihād, or go to Yazīd.” [Rabīʿ al-Madkhalī, ʿAwn al-Bārī bi-Bayān mā Taḍammanahu Sharḥ as-Sunnah li-l-Imām al-Barbahārī, vol. 1, pp. 254–255.]
However, they were not satisfied until they killed him.
Yazīd did not intend to kill al-Ḥusayn, nor did al-Ḥusayn intend to kill Yazīd, nor did he go to him in order to fight him. Rather, the Shīʿah betrayed al-Ḥusayn, drove him out of Makkah, and when he went to them, they met him with swords and killed him. May Allah recompense them accordingly.
References
Rabīʿ ibn Hādī ʿUmayr al-Madkhalī, ʿAwn al-Bārī bi-Bayān mā Taḍammanahu Sharḥ as-Sunnah li-l-Imām al-Barbahārī, Dār al-Muḥsin, Riyadh, vol. 1, pp. 254–255.
